As the seasons change, calves can face increased health challenges. Dr. Ryan Breuer, Clinical Assistant Professor and Diagnostic Case & Outreach Coordinator at the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, emphasizes the importance of maintaining vigilant health practices for young calves.
“Calf issues occur year-round, but seasonal changes often bring an increase in disease processes,” Dr. Breuer explains. “Respiratory diseases and other common illnesses, like Salmonella, are more prevalent when the weather fluctuates.”
Dr. Breuer notes that while new strains or diseases are always a concern, nothing groundbreaking has emerged in recent years. Farmers should continue to monitor their vaccination programs. Dr. Breuer stresses the importance of not over-vaccinating or treating calves when they are already sick. “Vaccination plans should be revisited regularly, but we need to be mindful of immune system fatigue,” he advises. “Vaccinating sick calves is not effective, and it could weaken their immune response.”
Dr. Breuer also stresses the role of farm management practices in disease prevention. “Good hygiene, proper bedding, and ventilation can go a long way in keeping pathogens at bay,” he says. “It’s often easier to improve the environment than to rely solely on vaccines.”
In addition to vaccination, managing the environment is crucial for calf health. “Calves need a thermal neutral zone to stay warm,” Dr. Breuer says. “When temperatures drop, they use more energy to stay warm, which can stress their immune system.”
Farmers should also focus on early detection. “Diagnostic testing is vital for identifying diseases early,” explains Dr. Breuer. “The earlier we catch an issue, the better the outcome for the calf.”
As farmers prepare for the colder months, Dr. Breuer encourages them to assess their management protocols. “The environment, the pathogen load, and the calf’s health are all factors in preventing disease,” he explains. “By paying attention to these areas, farmers can ensure healthier calves and a smoother transition into winter.”
Lastly, Dr. Breuer reminds farmers of the critical role of colostrum in calf health. “The quality, not the quantity, of colostrum is vital. Ensuring that calves receive enough colostrum with a high level of immunoglobulins is essential for their early health,” he explained.
